Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wild–Domestic Bird Interface in Europe: Future Directions for Research and Surveillance

Verhagen, Josanne H.; Fouchier, Ron A.M.; Lewis, Nicola

Authors

Josanne H. Verhagen

Ron A.M. Fouchier

Nicola Lewis



Contributors

Alice Gibson

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare phenomenon in Europe. In the past 15 years, HPAI outbreaks—in particular those caused by H5 viruses derived from the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage that emerged in southeast Asia in 1996—have been occuring with increasing frequency in Europe. Between 2005 and 2020, at least ten HPAI H5 incursions were identified in Europe resulting in mass mortalities among poultry and wild birds. Until 2009, the HPAI H5 virus outbreaks in Europe were caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses, while from 2014 onwards HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses dominated outbreaks, with abundant genetic reassortments yielding subtypes H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6 and H5N8. The majority of HPAI H5 virus detections in wild and domestic birds within Europe coincide with southwest/westward fall migration and large local waterbird aggregations during wintering. In this review we provide an overview of HPAI H5 virus epidemiology, ecology and evolution at the interface between poultry and wild birds based on 15 years of avian influenza virus surveillance in Europe, and assess future directions for HPAI virus research and surveillance, including the integration of whole genome sequencing, host identification and avian ecology into risk-based surveillance and analyses.

Citation

Verhagen, J. H., Fouchier, R. A., & Lewis, N. (in press). Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wild–Domestic Bird Interface in Europe: Future Directions for Research and Surveillance. Viruses, 13(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020212

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jan 29, 2021
Online Publication Date Jan 30, 2021
Deposit Date Feb 2, 2021
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Viruses
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 13
Issue 2
Pages 212
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020212
Keywords Virology; Infectious Diseases
Public URL https://rvc-repository.worktribe.com/output/1443540

Files




You might also like



Downloadable Citations