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Minimally Invasive Markers of Stress and Production Parameters in Dairy Cows before and after the Installation of a Voluntary Milking System (2020)
Journal Article
Jerram, L. J., Van Winden, S. C. L., & Fowkes, R. C. (2020). Minimally Invasive Markers of Stress and Production Parameters in Dairy Cows before and after the Installation of a Voluntary Milking System. Animals, 10(4), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040589

Automatic milking systems (AMS) are a low-labour alternative to conventional parlours, with previous studies demonstrating that cows vary in their ability to cope with the change to AMS. Cortisol expression can be combined with other measures to asse... Read More about Minimally Invasive Markers of Stress and Production Parameters in Dairy Cows before and after the Installation of a Voluntary Milking System.

Osteoarthritis-related nociceptive behaviour following mechanical joint loading correlates with cartilage damage (2020)
Journal Article
Ter Heegde, F., Luiz, A. P., Santana-Varela, S., Magnusdottir, R., Hopkinson, M., Chang, Y. M., …Chenu, C. (2020). Osteoarthritis-related nociceptive behaviour following mechanical joint loading correlates with cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 28(3), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.12.004

In osteoarthritis (OA), the pain-structure relationship remains complex and poorly understood. Here, we used the mechanical joint loading (MJL) model of OA to investigate both knee pathology and nociceptive behaviour.

Hormonal Regulation of Glucocorticoid Inactivation and Reactivation in aT3-1 and LßT2 Gonadotroph Cells (2019)
Journal Article
Michael, A. E., Thurston, L. M., & Fowkes, R. C. (2019). Hormonal Regulation of Glucocorticoid Inactivation and Reactivation in aT3-1 and LßT2 Gonadotroph Cells. Biology, 8(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8040081

The regulation of reproductive function by glucocorticoids occurs at all levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Within the pituitary, glucocorticoids have been shown to directly alter gene expression in gonadotrophs, indicating that these... Read More about Hormonal Regulation of Glucocorticoid Inactivation and Reactivation in aT3-1 and LßT2 Gonadotroph Cells.

What can we learn from the hair of the dog? Complex effects of endogenous and exogenous stressors on canine hair cortisol (2019)
Journal Article
Packer, R. M. A., Davies, A. M., Volk, H. A., Puckett, H. L., Hobbs, S. L., & Fowkes, R. C. (2019). What can we learn from the hair of the dog? Complex effects of endogenous and exogenous stressors on canine hair cortisol. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0216000. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216000

Hair is an emerging biological matrix in which to measure chronic HPA axis activity, offering a longer term view into an animal’s life. We explored effects of exogenous (e.g. lifestyle, medications, social environment) and endogenous (e.g. disease, b... Read More about What can we learn from the hair of the dog? Complex effects of endogenous and exogenous stressors on canine hair cortisol.

Pituitary pathology and gene expression in acromegalic cats (2019)
Journal Article
Scudder, C. J., Mirczuk, S. M., Richardson, K. M., Crossley, V. J., Regan, J. T. C., Gostelow, R., …Niessen, S. J. M. (2019). Pituitary pathology and gene expression in acromegalic cats. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(1), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2018-00226

The prevalence of growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours in domestic cats (Felis catus) is ten times greater than in humans. The predominant inhibitory receptors of growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumours are somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and... Read More about Pituitary pathology and gene expression in acromegalic cats.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) Inhibition of Interferon-γ-Mediated Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro (2018)
Journal Article
Day, A., Jameson, Z., Hyde, C., Simbi, B. H., Fowkes, R. C., & Lawson, C. (2018). C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) Inhibition of Interferon-γ-Mediated Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Biosensors, 8(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8030086

Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, now account for more deaths in the Western world than from any other cause. Atherosclerosis has a chronic inflammatory component involving Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, which is know... Read More about C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) Inhibition of Interferon-γ-Mediated Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro.

Dynamic changes in gene expression and signalling during trophoblast development in the horse (2018)
Journal Article
Read, J. E., Cabrera-Sharp, V., Offord, V., Mirczuk, S. M., Allen, S. P., Fowkes, R. C., & De Mestre, A. M. (2018). Dynamic changes in gene expression and signalling during trophoblast development in the horse. Reproduction, 156(4), 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-18-0270

Equine chorionic girdle trophoblast cells play important endocrine and immune functions critical in supporting pregnancy. Very little is known about the genes and pathways that regulate chorionic girdle trophoblast development. Our aim was to identif... Read More about Dynamic changes in gene expression and signalling during trophoblast development in the horse.

Glial Cells Missing 1 Regulates Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin Beta Subunit via Binding to the Proximal Promoter (2018)
Journal Article
Read, J. E., Cabrera-Sharp, V., Kitscha, P., Cartwright, J. E., King, P. J., Fowkes, R. C., & De Mestre, A. M. (2018). Glial Cells Missing 1 Regulates Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin Beta Subunit via Binding to the Proximal Promoter. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00195

Equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) is a placental glycoprotein critical for early equine pregnancy and used therapeutically in a number of species to support reproductive activity. The factors in trophoblast that transcriptionally regulate eCGβ-sub... Read More about Glial Cells Missing 1 Regulates Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin Beta Subunit via Binding to the Proximal Promoter.

Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers (2017)
Journal Article
Packer, R. M. A., Volk, H. A., & Fowkes, R. C. (2017). Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers. Physiology and Behavior, 177, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.008

There is a complex bidirectional relationship between stress and epilepsy. Stressful stimuli and subsequent cortisol release act as a trigger for seizure activity in some individuals with epilepsy, and seizure activity itself may act as a stressor to... Read More about Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers.

Breed, Coat Color, and Hair Length as Risk Factors for Hyperthyroidism in Cats (2017)
Journal Article
Crossley, V. J., Debnath, A., Chang, Y. M., Fowkes, R. C., Elliott, J., & Syme, H. M. (2017). Breed, Coat Color, and Hair Length as Risk Factors for Hyperthyroidism in Cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(4), 1028-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14737

Hyperthyroidism is very common in older cats, but the etiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Decreased risk of hyperthyroidism has been reported in certain colorpoint breeds, and this observation previously has been hypothesized to result from relati... Read More about Breed, Coat Color, and Hair Length as Risk Factors for Hyperthyroidism in Cats.

Natriuretic peptide activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway by particulate guanylyl cyclases in GH3 somatolactotropes (2017)
Journal Article
Jonas, K. C., Melrose, T., Thompson, I. R., Baxter, G. F., Lipscomb, V. J., Niessen, S. J. M., …Fowkes, R. C. (2017). Natriuretic peptide activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway by particulate guanylyl cyclases in GH3 somatolactotropes. Cell and Tissue Research, 369(3), 567-578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-017-2624-x

The natriuretic peptides, Atrial-, B-type and C-type natriuretric peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP), are regulators of many endocrine tissues and exert their effects predominantly through the activation of their specific guanylyl cyclase receptors (GC-A and G... Read More about Natriuretic peptide activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway by particulate guanylyl cyclases in GH3 somatolactotropes.

Feline hypersomatotropism and acromegaly tumorigenesis: a potential role for the AIP gene (2017)
Journal Article
Scudder, C. J., Niessen, S. J. M., Catchpole, B., Fowkes, R. C., Church, D. B., & Forcada, Y. (2017). Feline hypersomatotropism and acromegaly tumorigenesis: a potential role for the AIP gene. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 59, 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.11.005

Acromegaly in humans is usually sporadic, however up to 20% of familial isolated pituitary adenomas are caused by germline sequence variants of the aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene. Feline acromegaly has similarities to human... Read More about Feline hypersomatotropism and acromegaly tumorigenesis: a potential role for the AIP gene.

Homologous and heterologous desensitization of guanylyl cyclase-B signaling in GH3 somatolactotropes (2014)
Journal Article
Thompson, I. R., Mirczuk, S. M., Smith, L., Lessey, A. J., Simbi, B., Sunters, A., …Fowkes, R. C. (2014). Homologous and heterologous desensitization of guanylyl cyclase-B signaling in GH3 somatolactotropes. Cell and Tissue Research, 355(2), 425-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-013-1763-y

The guanylyl cyclases, GC-A and GC-B, are selective receptors for atrial and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and CNP, respectively). In the anterior pituitary, CNP and GC-B are major regulators of cGMP production in gonadotropes and yet mouse models... Read More about Homologous and heterologous desensitization of guanylyl cyclase-B signaling in GH3 somatolactotropes.

Pulsatile Hormonal Signaling to Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: Exploring System Sensitivity to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency and Width (2014)
Journal Article
Perrett, R. M., Voliotis, M., Armstrong, S. P., Fowkes, R. C., Pope, G. R., Tsaneva-Atanasova, K., & McArdle, C. A. (2014). Pulsatile Hormonal Signaling to Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: Exploring System Sensitivity to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency and Width. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(11), 7873-7883. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.532473

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted in brief pulses that stimulate synthesis and secretion of pituitary gonadotropin hormones and thereby mediate control of reproduction. It acts via G-protein-coupled receptors to stimulate effectors, i... Read More about Pulsatile Hormonal Signaling to Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: Exploring System Sensitivity to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency and Width.