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Metabolic properties of the osteoclast (2017)
Journal Article
Arnett, T. R., & Orriss, I. R. (2017). Metabolic properties of the osteoclast. BONE, 115, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.021

Osteoclasts are defined as cells capable of excavating 3-dimensional resorption pits in bone and other mineralised tissues. They are derived from the differentiation/fusion of promonocytic precursors, and are usually large, multinucleated cells. In c... Read More about Metabolic properties of the osteoclast.

Exenatide Improves Bone Quality in a Murine Model of Genetically Inherited Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2017)
Journal Article
Pereira, M., Gohin, S., Roux, J., Fisher, A., Cleasby, M. E., Mabilleau, G., & Chenu, C. (2017). Exenatide Improves Bone Quality in a Murine Model of Genetically Inherited Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8(327), https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00327

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with skeletal complications, including an increased risk of fractures. Reduced blood supply and bone strength may contribute to this skeletal fragility. We hypothesized that long-term administration of... Read More about Exenatide Improves Bone Quality in a Murine Model of Genetically Inherited Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans (2017)
Journal Article
Hu, X., Charles, J. P., Akay, T., Hutchinson, J. R., & Blemker, S. S. (2017). Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans. Skeletal Muscle, 7(26), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13395-017-0143-9

The mouse is one of the most widely used animal models to study neuromuscular diseases and test new therapeutic strategies. However, findings from successful pre-clinical studies using mouse models frequently fail to translate to humans due to variou... Read More about Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans.

Work minimization accounts for footfall phasing in slow quadrupedal gaits (2017)
Journal Article
Usherwood, J. R., & Self Davies, Z. T. (2017). Work minimization accounts for footfall phasing in slow quadrupedal gaits. eLife, 6, e29495. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29495.001

Quadrupeds, like most bipeds, tend to walk with an even left/right footfall timing. However, the phasing between hind and forelimbs shows considerable variation. Here, we account for this variation by modeling and explaining the influence of hind-for... Read More about Work minimization accounts for footfall phasing in slow quadrupedal gaits.

Sost deficiency does not alter bone’s lacunar or vascular porosity in mice (2017)
Journal Article
Mosey, H., Núñez, J. A., Goring, A., Clarkin, C. E., Staines, K. A., Lee, P. D., …Javaheri, B. (2017). Sost deficiency does not alter bone’s lacunar or vascular porosity in mice. Frontiers in Materials, 4(27), https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2017.00027

SCLEROSTIN (Sost) is expressed predominantly in osteocytes acting as a negative regulator of bone formation. In humans, mutations in the SOST gene lead to skeletal overgrowth and increased bone mineral density, suggesting that SCLEROSTIN is a key reg... Read More about Sost deficiency does not alter bone’s lacunar or vascular porosity in mice.

Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing (2017)
Journal Article
Godinho, M. S., Thorpe, C. T., Greenwald, S. E., & Screen, H. R. (2017). Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09995-4

Tendon is composed of fascicles bound together by the interfascicular matrix (IFM). Energy storing tendons are more elastic and extensible than positional tendons; behaviour provided by specialisation of the IFM to enable repeated interfascicular sli... Read More about Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing.

A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation (2017)
Journal Article
Macaulay, S., Hutchinson, J. R., & Bates, K. T. (2017). A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation. Journal of Anatomy, 231(5), 758-775. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12667

Centre of mass is a fundamental anatomical and biomechanical parameter. Knowledge of centre of mass is essential to inform studies investigating locomotion and other behaviours, through its implications for segment movements, and on whole body factor... Read More about A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation.

Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers (2017)
Journal Article
Packer, R. M. A., Volk, H. A., & Fowkes, R. C. (2017). Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers. Physiology and Behavior, 177, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.008

There is a complex bidirectional relationship between stress and epilepsy. Stressful stimuli and subsequent cortisol release act as a trigger for seizure activity in some individuals with epilepsy, and seizure activity itself may act as a stressor to... Read More about Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers.

Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis (2017)
Journal Article
Javaheri, B., Poulet, B., Aljazzar, A., De Souza, R., Piles, M., Hopkinson, M., …Pitsillides, A. A. (2017). Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis. BONE, 103, 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.028

Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting joints and bone, causes physical gait disability with huge socio-economic burden; treatment remains palliative. Roles for antioxidants in protecting against such chronic disorders have been examined previously. Sulforap... Read More about Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis.

In search of morphological modules: a systematic review (2017)
Journal Article
Esteve-Altava, B. (2017). In search of morphological modules: a systematic review. Biological Reviews, 92(3), 1332-1347. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12284

Morphological modularity arises in complex living beings due to a semi-independent inheritance, development, and function of body parts. Modularity helps us to understand the evolvability and plasticity of organismal form, and how morphological varia... Read More about In search of morphological modules: a systematic review.

A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1-deficient mice (2017)
Journal Article
Boyde, A., Staines, K. A., Javaheri, B., Millan, J. L., Pitsillides, A. A., & Farquharson, C. (2017). A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1-deficient mice. Journal of Anatomy, 231(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12628

The phosphatase PHOSPHO1 is involved in the initiation of biomineralisation. Bones in Phospho1 knockout (KO) mice show histological osteomalacia with frequent bowing of long bones and spontaneous fractures: they contain less mineral, with smaller min... Read More about A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1-deficient mice.

Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds (2017)
Journal Article
Bishop, P. J., Clemente, C. J., Weems, R. E., Graham, D. F., Lamas, L. P., Hutchinson, J. R., …Lloyd, D. G. (2017). Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0276

How extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs locomoted is a subject of considerable interest, as is the manner in which it evolved on the line leading to birds. Fossil footprints provide the most direct evidence for answering these questions. In this st... Read More about Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds.

Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion (2017)
Journal Article
Allen, V. R., Kambic, R. E., Gatesy, S. M., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Zoology, 303(3), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12485

Human patellae (kneecaps) are thought to act as gears, altering the mechanical advantage of knee extensor muscles during running. Similar sesamoids have evolved in the knee extensor tendon independently in birds, but it is unknown if these also affec... Read More about Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion.

Dynamics of direct inter-pack encounters in endangered African wild dogs (2017)
Journal Article
Jordan, N. R., Buse, C., Wilson, A. M., Golabek, K. A., Apps, P. J., Lowe, J. C., …McNutt, J. W. (2017). Dynamics of direct inter-pack encounters in endangered African wild dogs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2338-9

Aggressive encounters may have important life history consequences due to the potential for injury and death, disease transmission, dispersal opportunities or exclusion from key areas of the home range. Despite this, little is known of their detailed... Read More about Dynamics of direct inter-pack encounters in endangered African wild dogs.

Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predicts gait transitions of dogs (2017)
Journal Article
Wilshin, S. D., Haynes, G. C., Porteous, J., Koditschek, D., Revzen, S., & Spence, A. J. (2017). Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predicts gait transitions of dogs. Biological Cybernetics, 111(3-4), 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-017-0721-2

Gaits and gait transitions play a central role in the movement of animals. Symmetry is thought to govern the structure of the nervous system, and constrain the limb motions of quadrupeds. We quantify the symmetry of dog gaits with respect to combinat... Read More about Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predicts gait transitions of dogs.

Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich (2017)
Journal Article
Chadwick, K., Shefelbine, S. J., Pitsillides, A. A., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich. Royal Society Open Science, 4(6), 170133. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170133

The appearance and shape of sesamoid bones within a tendon or ligament wrapping around a joint are understood to be influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Ostriches (Struthio camelus) possess two sesamoid patellae (kneecaps), one of which... Read More about Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich.