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Regional Transmission and Reassortment of 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Viruses in Bulgarian Poultry 2017/18 (2020)
Journal Article
Venkatesh, D., Brouwer, A., Goujgoulova, G., Ellis, R., Seekings, J., Brown, I., & Lewis, N. (2020). Regional Transmission and Reassortment of 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Viruses in Bulgarian Poultry 2017/18. Viruses, 12(6), 605

Between 2017 and 2018, several farms across Bulgaria reported outbreaks of H5 highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. In this study we used genomic and traditional epidemiological analyses to trace the origin and subsequent spread of these... Read More about Regional Transmission and Reassortment of 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Viruses in Bulgarian Poultry 2017/18.

Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup (2020)
Journal Article
Venkatesh, D., Bianco, C., Nunez, A., Collins, R., Thorpe, D., Reid, S. M., …Lewis, N. S. (2020). Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup. Virus Evolution, 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaa016

Avian Influenza A Viruses (IAV) in different species of seals display a spectrum of pathogenicity, from subclinical infection to mass mortality events. Here we present an investigation of avian IAV infection in a 3-4 month old Grey seal (Halichoerus... Read More about Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup.

Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup (2020)
Journal Article
Venkatesh, D., Brown, I. H., Cooper, J., Seekings, J., McGinn, N., Essen, S., …Lewis, N. S. (2020). Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup. Virus Evolution, 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaa016

Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) in different species of seals display a spectrum of pathogenicity, from sub-clinical infection to mass mortality events. Here we present an investigation of avian IAV infection in a 3- to 4-month-old Grey seal (Halich... Read More about Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup.

Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017–18 (2019)
Journal Article
Poen, M. J., Venkatesh, D., Bestebroer, T. M., Vuong, O., Scheuer, R. D., Oude Munnink, B. B., …Lewis, N. S. (2019). Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017–18. Virus Evolution, 5(1), vez004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez004

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were first introduced into Europe in late 2014 and re-introduced in late 2016, following detections in Asia and Russia. In contrast to the 2014–15 H5N8 wave, there was substantial loca... Read More about Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017–18.

Plasticity of Amino Acid Residue 145 Near the Receptor Binding Site of H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses and Its Impact on Receptor Binding and Antibody Recognition (2019)
Journal Article
Santos, J. J. S., Abente, E. J., Obadan, A. O., Thompson, A. J., Ferreri, L., Geiger, G., …Perez, D. R. (2019). Plasticity of Amino Acid Residue 145 Near the Receptor Binding Site of H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses and Its Impact on Receptor Binding and Antibody Recognition. Journal of Virology, 93(2), e01413-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01413-18

The hemagglutinin (HA), a glycoprotein on the surface of influenza A virus (IAV), initiates the virus life cycle by binding to terminal sialic acid (SA) residues on host cells. The HA gradually accumulates amino acid substitutions that allow IAV to e... Read More about Plasticity of Amino Acid Residue 145 Near the Receptor Binding Site of H3 Swine Influenza A Viruses and Its Impact on Receptor Binding and Antibody Recognition.

The type of adjuvant in whole inactivated influenza a virus vaccines impacts vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (2018)
Journal Article
Souza, C. K., Rajão, D. S., Sandbulte, M. R., Lopes, S., Lewis, N. S., Loving, C. L., …Vincent, A. L. (2018). The type of adjuvant in whole inactivated influenza a virus vaccines impacts vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. Vaccine, 36(41), 6103-6110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.072

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes a disease burden in the swine industry in the US and is a challenge to prevent due to substantial genetic and antigenic diversity of IAV that circulate in pig populations. Whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines formulat... Read More about The type of adjuvant in whole inactivated influenza a virus vaccines impacts vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease.

Avian influenza viruses in wild birds: virus evolution in a multi-host ecosystem (2018)
Journal Article
Venkatesh, D., Poen, M. J., Bestebroer, T. M., Scheuer, R. D., Vuong, O., Chkhaidze, M., …Lewis, N. S. (2018). Avian influenza viruses in wild birds: virus evolution in a multi-host ecosystem. Journal of Virology, 92, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00433-18

Wild ducks and gulls are the major reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). The mechanisms that drive AIV evolution are complex at sites where various duck and gull species from multiple flyways breed, winter, or stage. The Republic of Georgi... Read More about Avian influenza viruses in wild birds: virus evolution in a multi-host ecosystem.

Antigenic and genetic evolution of contemporary swine H1 influenza viruses in the United States (2018)
Journal Article
Rajao, D. S., Anderson, T. K., Kitikoon, P., Stratton, J., Lewis, N. S., & Vincent, A. L. (2018). Antigenic and genetic evolution of contemporary swine H1 influenza viruses in the United States. Virology, 518, 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.006

Several lineages of influenza A viruses (IAV) currently circulate in North American pigs. Genetic diversity is further increased by transmission of IAV between swine and humans and subsequent evolution. Here, we characterized the genetic and antigeni... Read More about Antigenic and genetic evolution of contemporary swine H1 influenza viruses in the United States.

The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses (2016)
Journal Article
Lewis, N. S., Russell, C. A., Langat, P., Anderson, T. K., Berger, K., Bielejec, F., …Vincent, A. L. (2016). The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses. eLife, 5, e12217. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12217

wine influenza presents a substantial disease burden for pig populations worldwide and poses a potential pandemic threat to humans. There is considerable diversity in both H1 and H3 influenza viruses circulating in swine due to the frequent introduct... Read More about The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses.

Novel Reassortant Human-Like H3N2 and H3N1 Influenza A Viruses Detected in Pigs Are Virulent and Antigenically Distinct from Swine Viruses Endemic to the United States (2015)
Journal Article
Rajão, D. S., Gauger, P. C., Anderson, T. K., Lewis, N. S., Abente, E. J., Killian, M. L., …Vincent, A. L. (2015). Novel Reassortant Human-Like H3N2 and H3N1 Influenza A Viruses Detected in Pigs Are Virulent and Antigenically Distinct from Swine Viruses Endemic to the United States. Journal of Virology, 89(22), 11213-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01675-15

Influenza A virus evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics in Eurasian wild birds: a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study of whole-genome sequence data (2015)
Journal Article
Lewis, N. S., Verhagen, J. H., Javakhishvili, Z., Russell, C. A., Lexmond, P., Westgeest, K. B., …De Graaf, M. (2015). Influenza A virus evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics in Eurasian wild birds: a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study of whole-genome sequence data. Journal of General Virology, 96(8), 2050-60. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000155

Low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a natural host reservoir in wild waterbirds and the potential to spread to other host species. Here, we investigated the evolutionary, spatial and temporal dynamics of avian IAVs in Eurasian wild b... Read More about Influenza A virus evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics in Eurasian wild birds: a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study of whole-genome sequence data.

Substitutions near the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site determine the antigenic evolution of influenza A H3N2 viruses in U.S. swine (2014)
Journal Article
Lewis, N. S., Anderson, T. K., Kitikoon, P., Skepner, E., Burke, D. F., & Vincent, A. L. (2014). Substitutions near the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site determine the antigenic evolution of influenza A H3N2 viruses in U.S. swine. Journal of Virology, 88(9), 4752-63. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03805-13

Swine influenza A virus is an endemic and economically important pathogen in pigs, with the potential to infect other host species. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the primary target of protective immune responses and the major component in swine i... Read More about Substitutions near the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site determine the antigenic evolution of influenza A H3N2 viruses in U.S. swine.

Intercontinental spread of Asian-origin H7 avian influenza viruses by captive bird trade in 1990's
Journal Article
Lee, D., Killian, M. L., Torchetti, M. K., Brown, I., Lewis, N. S., Berhane, Y., & Swayne, D. E. (in press). Intercontinental spread of Asian-origin H7 avian influenza viruses by captive bird trade in 1990's. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.028

Wild bird migration and illegal trade of infected poultry, eggs, and poultry products have been associated with the spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV). During 1992–1996, H7N1 and H7N8 low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) were identified from captive wild... Read More about Intercontinental spread of Asian-origin H7 avian influenza viruses by captive bird trade in 1990's.