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Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing (2017)
Journal Article
Godinho, M. S., Thorpe, C. T., Greenwald, S. E., & Screen, H. R. (2017). Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09995-4

Tendon is composed of fascicles bound together by the interfascicular matrix (IFM). Energy storing tendons are more elastic and extensible than positional tendons; behaviour provided by specialisation of the IFM to enable repeated interfascicular sli... Read More about Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing.

A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation (2017)
Journal Article
Macaulay, S., Hutchinson, J. R., & Bates, K. T. (2017). A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation. Journal of Anatomy, 231(5), 758-775. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12667

Centre of mass is a fundamental anatomical and biomechanical parameter. Knowledge of centre of mass is essential to inform studies investigating locomotion and other behaviours, through its implications for segment movements, and on whole body factor... Read More about A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation.

The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles (2017)
Journal Article
Shearer, T., Thorpe, C. T., & Screen, H. R. C. (2017). The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0261

A nonlinear elastic microstructural model is used to investigate the relationship between structure and function in energy-storing and positional tendons. The model is used to fit mechanical tension test data from the equine common digital extensor t... Read More about The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles.

In search of morphological modules: a systematic review (2017)
Journal Article
Esteve-Altava, B. (2017). In search of morphological modules: a systematic review. Biological Reviews, 92(3), 1332-1347. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12284

Morphological modularity arises in complex living beings due to a semi-independent inheritance, development, and function of body parts. Modularity helps us to understand the evolvability and plasticity of organismal form, and how morphological varia... Read More about In search of morphological modules: a systematic review.

Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis (2017)
Journal Article
Javaheri, B., Poulet, B., Aljazzar, A., De Souza, R., Piles, M., Hopkinson, M., …Pitsillides, A. A. (2017). Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis. BONE, 103, 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.028

Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting joints and bone, causes physical gait disability with huge socio-economic burden; treatment remains palliative. Roles for antioxidants in protecting against such chronic disorders have been examined previously. Sulforap... Read More about Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis.

Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers (2017)
Journal Article
Packer, R. M. A., Volk, H. A., & Fowkes, R. C. (2017). Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers. Physiology and Behavior, 177, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.008

There is a complex bidirectional relationship between stress and epilepsy. Stressful stimuli and subsequent cortisol release act as a trigger for seizure activity in some individuals with epilepsy, and seizure activity itself may act as a stressor to... Read More about Physiological reactivity to spontaneously occurring seizure activity in dogs with epilepsy and their carers.

A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1-deficient mice (2017)
Journal Article
Boyde, A., Staines, K. A., Javaheri, B., Millan, J. L., Pitsillides, A. A., & Farquharson, C. (2017). A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1-deficient mice. Journal of Anatomy, 231(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12628

The phosphatase PHOSPHO1 is involved in the initiation of biomineralisation. Bones in Phospho1 knockout (KO) mice show histological osteomalacia with frequent bowing of long bones and spontaneous fractures: they contain less mineral, with smaller min... Read More about A distinctive patchy osteomalacia characterises Phospho1-deficient mice.

Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion (2017)
Journal Article
Allen, V. R., Kambic, R. E., Gatesy, S. M., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Zoology, 303(3), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12485

Human patellae (kneecaps) are thought to act as gears, altering the mechanical advantage of knee extensor muscles during running. Similar sesamoids have evolved in the knee extensor tendon independently in birds, but it is unknown if these also affec... Read More about Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion.

Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds (2017)
Journal Article
Bishop, P. J., Clemente, C. J., Weems, R. E., Graham, D. F., Lamas, L. P., Hutchinson, J. R., …Lloyd, D. G. (2017). Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0276

How extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs locomoted is a subject of considerable interest, as is the manner in which it evolved on the line leading to birds. Fossil footprints provide the most direct evidence for answering these questions. In this st... Read More about Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds.

Dynamics of direct inter-pack encounters in endangered African wild dogs (2017)
Journal Article
Jordan, N. R., Buse, C., Wilson, A. M., Golabek, K. A., Apps, P. J., Lowe, J. C., …McNutt, J. W. (2017). Dynamics of direct inter-pack encounters in endangered African wild dogs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2338-9

Aggressive encounters may have important life history consequences due to the potential for injury and death, disease transmission, dispersal opportunities or exclusion from key areas of the home range. Despite this, little is known of their detailed... Read More about Dynamics of direct inter-pack encounters in endangered African wild dogs.

Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predicts gait transitions of dogs (2017)
Journal Article
Wilshin, S. D., Haynes, G. C., Porteous, J., Koditschek, D., Revzen, S., & Spence, A. J. (2017). Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predicts gait transitions of dogs. Biological Cybernetics, 111(3-4), 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-017-0721-2

Gaits and gait transitions play a central role in the movement of animals. Symmetry is thought to govern the structure of the nervous system, and constrain the limb motions of quadrupeds. We quantify the symmetry of dog gaits with respect to combinat... Read More about Morphology and the gradient of a symmetric potential predicts gait transitions of dogs.

Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich (2017)
Journal Article
Chadwick, K., Shefelbine, S. J., Pitsillides, A. A., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich. Royal Society Open Science, 4(6), 170133. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170133

The appearance and shape of sesamoid bones within a tendon or ligament wrapping around a joint are understood to be influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Ostriches (Struthio camelus) possess two sesamoid patellae (kneecaps), one of which... Read More about Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich.

Suite of simple metrics reveals common movement syndromes across vertebrate taxa (2017)
Journal Article
Abrahms, B., Seidel, D. P., Dougherty, E., Hazen, E. L., Bograd, S. J., Wilson, A. M., …Getz, W. M. (2017). Suite of simple metrics reveals common movement syndromes across vertebrate taxa. Movement Ecology, 5(12), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-017-0104-2

ecause empirical studies of animal movement are most-often site- and species-specific, we lack understanding of the level of consistency in movement patterns across diverse taxa, as well as a framework for quantitatively classifying movement patterns... Read More about Suite of simple metrics reveals common movement syndromes across vertebrate taxa.

Activation of the P2Y2 receptor regulates bone cell function by enhancing ATP release (2017)
Journal Article
Orriss, I. R., Gueneri, D., Hajjawai, M. O., Shaw, K., Patel, J. J., & Arnett, T. R. (2017). Activation of the P2Y2 receptor regulates bone cell function by enhancing ATP release. Journal of Endocrinology, 233, 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0042

Bone cells constitutively release ATP into the extracellular environment where it acts locally via P2 receptors to regulate bone cell function. Whilst P2Y2 receptor stimulation regulates bone mineralisation, the functional effects of this receptor in... Read More about Activation of the P2Y2 receptor regulates bone cell function by enhancing ATP release.