Breed predispositions, clinical findings, and prognostic factors for death in dogs with nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia

Szladovits, Balazs; Glanemann, Barbara

Abstract

Abstract
Background: Breed predispositions, survival, and prognostic factors have not been evaluated in dogs with nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia (nrIMA).
Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe clinicopathologic variables, evaluate their associations with survival, and determine breed predispositions for dogs with nrIMA.
Animals: Fifty-nine client-owned dogs with nrIMA.
Methods: Referral hospital records were reviewed retrospectively for dogs with primary nrIMA (PCV ≤30%, corrected reticulocyte percentage (CR%) ≤1.0, bone marrow sampling with evidence of immune-mediated destruction, and underlying causes
excluded). Breed predispositions were evaluated by calculation of odds ratios in a case control study; prognostic factors by logistic regression in a cohort study.
Results: Fifty-nine dogs with nrIMA had a median PCV of 12% (interquartile range [IQR]: 10%-17%) and CR% 0.1 (0%-0.2%). At least ≥1 ACVIM IMHA diagnostic criteria were met by 35 dogs (59%). Whippets, Lurchers, and miniature Dachshunds
were predisposed to nrIMA. Median survival time was 277 days (IQR: 37-1925), with 3- and 12-month survival rates 61% and 43%, respectively. Erythroid regeneration and remission were achieved by 88% and 62% of dogs, respectively. Corrected reticulocyte percentage >0.2 was associated with improved survival.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Although there is overlap of clinical features between dogs with IMHA and nrIMA, the prognosis for those with nrIMA depends predominantly on the severity of reticulocytopenia.

Citation

Szladovits, B., & Glanemann, B. (in press). Breed predispositions, clinical findings, and prognostic factors for death in dogs with nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15986

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 20, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Dec 8, 2020
• Deposit Date: Dec 21, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 19, 2021
• Journal: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
• Print ISSN: 0891-6640
• Electronic ISSN: 1939-1676
• Publisher: Wiley Open Access
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15986
• Keywords: General Veterinary
• Public URL: https://rvc-repository.worktribe.com/output/1442177
• Additional Information: Received: 2020-08-03; Accepted: 2020-11-20; Published: 2020-12-08