Baseline cystometric parameters in conscious and anesthetized sheep: experimental data and systematic review

Prager, J; Metcalfe, B; Sadrafshari, S; Taylor, J; Donaldson, N; Granger, N

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To characterize cystometry in conscious and anesthetized sheep, including bladder response to sacral root electrical stimulation, thereby providing a baseline set of values. METHODS Single-fill cystometries were repeated in adult mule ewes both conscious (n = 5) and under general anesthesia (18) using a commercial system. Parameters including bladder capacity, detrusor (bladder) pressure, urethral open- ing pressure, bladder compliance, number of nonvoiding detrusor contractions, and bladder pressure change in response to electrical stimulation of the sacral roots under general anesthesia are reported. Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies relating to ovine cystometry, and a systematic review was conducted. RESULTS In awake sheep, mean +/- SD bladder capacity was 79.6 +/- 32.2 mL, urethral opening pressure was 26.0 +/- 10.7 cm H2O, and compliance was 3.5 +/- 1.9 mL/cm H2O. Peak detrusor pressures during micturition reached 57.7 +/- 28.3 cm H2O. In anesthetized animals, mean bladder capacity (endpoint, 50 cm H2O) was 333 +/- 191 mL, and mean bladder compliance was 7.7 +/- 4.9 mL/cm H2O. Values for these parameters from our systematic review are presented for comparison and reference. Electrical stimulation of the second and third sacral roots caused a greater increase in detrusor pressure than stimulation of the first and fourth sacral roots. CONCLUSIONS We present a comprehensive set of data for normal cystometry parameters in sheep, including the first report of detrusor response to sacral root stimulation in anesthetized sheep.

Citation

Prager, J., Metcalfe, B., Sadrafshari, S., Taylor, J., Donaldson, N., & Granger, N. (2024). Baseline cystometric parameters in conscious and anesthetized sheep: experimental data and systematic review. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 85(12), https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0173

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 13, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Oct 4, 2024
• Publication Date: 2024
• Deposit Date: Jan 28, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 28, 2025
• Journal: American Journal of Veterinary Research
• Print ISSN: 0002-9645
• Electronic ISSN: 1943-5681
• Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 85
• Issue: 12
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0173
• Keywords: ovine cystometry; spinal cord injury; urinary incontinence; sacral nerve stimulation; large animal translational model; SACRAL ROOT STIMULATION; AUTOAUGMENTATION OMENTOCYSTOPLASTY; BLADDER COMPLIANCE; PRESSURE; GASTROCYSTOPLASTY; URODYNAMICS; MICTURITION; AFFERENTS; REFLEX