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The influence of speed and size on avian terrestrial locomotor biomechanics: predicting locomotion in extinct theropod dinosaurs (2018)
Journal Article
Bishop, P. J., Clemente, C. J., Graham, D. F., Lamas, L. P., Hutchinson, J. R., Rubenson, J., Wilson, R. S., Hocknull, S. A., Barrett, R. S., & Lloyd, D. G. (2018). The influence of speed and size on avian terrestrial locomotor biomechanics: predicting locomotion in extinct theropod dinosaurs. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0192172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192172

How extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs moved is a subject of considerable interest and controversy. A better understanding of non-avian theropod locomotion can be achieved by better understanding terrestrial locomotor biomechanics in their modern... Read More about The influence of speed and size on avian terrestrial locomotor biomechanics: predicting locomotion in extinct theropod dinosaurs.

Bone apparent and material densities examined by cone beam computed tomography and the Archimedes technique: comparison of the two methods and their results (2018)
Journal Article
Adams, G. J., Cook, R. B., Hutchinson, J. R., & Ziopos, P. (2018). Bone apparent and material densities examined by cone beam computed tomography and the Archimedes technique: comparison of the two methods and their results. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, 3(23), https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2017.00023

An understanding of bone apparent and material densities and how they vary within bone at the organ level is of great interest in the understanding of degenerative bone conditions and for biomedical engineering applications. The densities of bone tis... Read More about Bone apparent and material densities examined by cone beam computed tomography and the Archimedes technique: comparison of the two methods and their results.

Anatomical network analysis of the musculoskeletal system reveals integration loss and parcellation boost during the fins-to-limbs transition (2018)
Journal Article
Esteve-Altava, B., Molnar, J. L., Johnston, P., Hutchinson, J. R., & Diogo, R. (2018). Anatomical network analysis of the musculoskeletal system reveals integration loss and parcellation boost during the fins-to-limbs transition. Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13430

Tetrapods evolved from within the lobe-finned fishes around 370 Ma. The evolution of limbs from lobe-fins entailed a major re-organization of the skeletal and muscular anatomy of appendages in early tetrapods. Concurrently, a degree of similarity bet... Read More about Anatomical network analysis of the musculoskeletal system reveals integration loss and parcellation boost during the fins-to-limbs transition.

Hip joint articular soft tissues of non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorpha and early Dinosauria: evolutionary and biomechanical implications for Saurischia (2018)
Journal Article
Tsai, H. P., Middleton, K. M., Hutchinson, J. R., & Holliday, C. M. (2018). Hip joint articular soft tissues of non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorpha and early Dinosauria: evolutionary and biomechanical implications for Saurischia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38(1), https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1427593

Dinosauromorphs evolved a wide diversity of hind limb skeletal morphologies, suggesting highly divergent articular soft tissue anatomies. However, poor preservation of articular soft tissues in fossils has hampered any follow-on functional inferences... Read More about Hip joint articular soft tissues of non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorpha and early Dinosauria: evolutionary and biomechanical implications for Saurischia.

Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans (2017)
Journal Article
Hu, X., Charles, J. P., Akay, T., Hutchinson, J. R., & Blemker, S. S. (2017). Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans. Skeletal Muscle, 7(26), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13395-017-0143-9

The mouse is one of the most widely used animal models to study neuromuscular diseases and test new therapeutic strategies. However, findings from successful pre-clinical studies using mouse models frequently fail to translate to humans due to variou... Read More about Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans.

A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation (2017)
Journal Article
Macaulay, S., Hutchinson, J. R., & Bates, K. T. (2017). A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation. Journal of Anatomy, 231(5), 758-775. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12667

Centre of mass is a fundamental anatomical and biomechanical parameter. Knowledge of centre of mass is essential to inform studies investigating locomotion and other behaviours, through its implications for segment movements, and on whole body factor... Read More about A quantitative evaluation of physical and digital approaches to centre of mass estimation.

Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion (2017)
Journal Article
Allen, V. R., Kambic, R. E., Gatesy, S. M., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Zoology, 303(3), 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12485

Human patellae (kneecaps) are thought to act as gears, altering the mechanical advantage of knee extensor muscles during running. Similar sesamoids have evolved in the knee extensor tendon independently in birds, but it is unknown if these also affec... Read More about Gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion.

Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds (2017)
Journal Article
Bishop, P. J., Clemente, C. J., Weems, R. E., Graham, D. F., Lamas, L. P., Hutchinson, J. R., Rubenson, J., Wilson, R. S., Hocknull, S. A., Barrett, R. S., & Lloyd, D. G. (2017). Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0276

How extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs locomoted is a subject of considerable interest, as is the manner in which it evolved on the line leading to birds. Fossil footprints provide the most direct evidence for answering these questions. In this st... Read More about Using step width to compare locomotor biomechanics between extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern obligate bipeds.

Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich (2017)
Journal Article
Chadwick, K., Shefelbine, S. J., Pitsillides, A. A., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich. Royal Society Open Science, 4(6), 170133. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170133

The appearance and shape of sesamoid bones within a tendon or ligament wrapping around a joint are understood to be influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Ostriches (Struthio camelus) possess two sesamoid patellae (kneecaps), one of which... Read More about Finite-element modelling of mechanobiological factors influencing sesamoid tissue morphology in the patellar tendon of an ostrich.

Cellular preservation of musculoskeletal specializations in the Cretaceous bird Confuciusornis (2017)
Journal Article
Jiang, B. Y., Zhao, T., Regnault, S., Edwards, N. P., Kohn, S. C., Li, Z. H., Wogelius, R. A., Benton, M. J., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2017). Cellular preservation of musculoskeletal specializations in the Cretaceous bird Confuciusornis. Nature Communications, 8, 14779. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14779

The hindlimb of theropod dinosaurs changed appreciably in the lineage leading to extant birds, becoming more ‘crouched’ in association with changes to body shape and gait dynamics. This postural evolution included anatomical changes of the foot and a... Read More about Cellular preservation of musculoskeletal specializations in the Cretaceous bird Confuciusornis.

Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories (2017)
Journal Article
Randau, M., Cuff, A., Hutchinson, J. R., Pierce, S. E., & Goswami, A. R. (2017). Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-016-0304-4

Recent advances in geometric morphometrics provide improved techniques for extraction of biological information from shape and have greatly contributed to the study of ecomorphology and morphological evolution. However, the vertebral column remains a... Read More about Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories.

Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement (2017)
Journal Article
Pollard, A. S., Charlton, B. G., Hutchinson, J. R., Gustafsson, T., McGonnell, I. M., Timmons, J. A., & Pitsillides, A. A. (2017). Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41926

Animals have evolved limb proportions adapted to different environments, but it is not yet clear to what extent these proportions are directly influenced by the environment during prenatal development. The developing skeleton experiences mechanical l... Read More about Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement.

Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) (2016)
Journal Article
Panagiotopoulou, O., Pataky, T. C., Day, M., Hensman, S., Hutchinson, J. R., & Clemente, C. J. (2016). Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Royal Society Open Science, 3(10), 160203. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160203

Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures that could cause tissue damage are mitigated passively by the anatomy of... Read More about Foot pressure distributions during walking in African elephants (Loxodonta africana).

Inferring muscle functional roles of the ostrich pelvic limb during walking and running using computer optimization (2016)
Journal Article
Rankin, J. W., Rubenson, J., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2016). Inferring muscle functional roles of the ostrich pelvic limb during walking and running using computer optimization. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0035

Owing to their cursorial background, ostriches (Struthio camelus) walk and run with high metabolic economy, can reach very fast running speeds and quickly execute cutting manoeuvres. These capabilities are believed to be a result of their ability to... Read More about Inferring muscle functional roles of the ostrich pelvic limb during walking and running using computer optimization.

Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb (2016)
Journal Article
Charles, J. P., Cappellari, O., Spence, A. J., Hutchinson, J. R., & Wells, D. J. (2016). Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb. PLoS ONE, 11(4), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147669

Mice are one of the most commonly used laboratory animals, with an extensive array of disease models in existence, including for many neuromuscular diseases. The hindlimb is of particular interest due to several close muscle analogues/homologues to h... Read More about Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb.

The scaling of postcranial muscles in cats (Felidae) I: forelimb, cervical, and thoracic muscles (2016)
Journal Article
Cuff, A. R., Sparkes, E. L., Randau, M., Pierce, S. E., Kitchener, A. C., Goswami, A., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2016). The scaling of postcranial muscles in cats (Felidae) I: forelimb, cervical, and thoracic muscles. Journal of Anatomy, 229(1), 128-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12477

The body masses of cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) span a ~300‐fold range from the smallest to largest species. Despite this range, felid musculoskeletal anatomy remains remarkably conservative, including the maintenance of a crouched limb postur... Read More about The scaling of postcranial muscles in cats (Felidae) I: forelimb, cervical, and thoracic muscles.

Temporal and phylogenetic evolution of the sauropod dinosaur body plan (2016)
Journal Article
Bates, K. T., Mannion, P. D., Falkingham, P. L., Brusatte, S. L., Hutchinson, J. R., Otero, A., Sellers, W. I., Sullivan, C., Stevens, K. A., & Allen, V. R. (2016). Temporal and phylogenetic evolution of the sauropod dinosaur body plan. Royal Society Open Science, 3(3), 150636. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150636

The colossal size and body plan of sauropod dinosaurs are unparalleled in terrestrial vertebrates. However, to date, there have been only limited attempts to examine temporal and phylogenetic patterns in the sauropod bauplan. Here, we combine three-d... Read More about Temporal and phylogenetic evolution of the sauropod dinosaur body plan.