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Differing calcification processes in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts (2019)
Journal Article
Patel, J. J., Bourne, L. E., Davies, B. K., Arnett, T. R., MacRae, V. E., Wheeler-Jones, C. P. D., & Orriss, I. R. (2019). Differing calcification processes in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts. Experimental Cell Research, 380(1), 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.020

Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is the deposition of calcium phosphate mineral, often as hydroxyapatite, in the medial layer of the arteries. AMC shares some similarities to skeletal mineralisation and has been associated with the transdifferenti... Read More about Differing calcification processes in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts.

Isolation and generation of osteoblasts (2019)
Book Chapter
Perpetuo, I. P., Bourne, L. E., & Orriss, I. R. (2019). Isolation and generation of osteoblasts. In Bone Research Protocols. New York: Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_2

This chapter describes the isolation, culture, and staining of osteoblasts. The key advantages of this assay are that it allows direct measurement of bone matrix deposition and mineralization, as well as yielding good quantities of osteoblasts at def... Read More about Isolation and generation of osteoblasts.

Inhibition of arterial medial calcification and bone mineralization by extracellular nucleotides: The same functional effect mediated by different cellular mechanisms (2018)
Journal Article
Patel, J. J., Zhu, D., Opdebeeck, B., D'Haese, P., Millán, J. L., Bourne, L. E., …Orriss, I. R. (2018). Inhibition of arterial medial calcification and bone mineralization by extracellular nucleotides: The same functional effect mediated by different cellular mechanisms. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 233(4), 3230-3243. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26166

Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is thought to share some outward similarities to skeletal mineralization and has been associated with the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to an osteoblast‐like phenotype. ATP and UTP ha... Read More about Inhibition of arterial medial calcification and bone mineralization by extracellular nucleotides: The same functional effect mediated by different cellular mechanisms.

Metabolic properties of the osteoclast (2017)
Journal Article
Arnett, T. R., & Orriss, I. R. (2017). Metabolic properties of the osteoclast. BONE, 115, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.021

Osteoclasts are defined as cells capable of excavating 3-dimensional resorption pits in bone and other mineralised tissues. They are derived from the differentiation/fusion of promonocytic precursors, and are usually large, multinucleated cells. In c... Read More about Metabolic properties of the osteoclast.

Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis (2017)
Journal Article
Javaheri, B., Poulet, B., Aljazzar, A., De Souza, R., Piles, M., Hopkinson, M., …Pitsillides, A. A. (2017). Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis. BONE, 103, 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.028

Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting joints and bone, causes physical gait disability with huge socio-economic burden; treatment remains palliative. Roles for antioxidants in protecting against such chronic disorders have been examined previously. Sulforap... Read More about Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis.

Activation of the P2Y2 receptor regulates bone cell function by enhancing ATP release (2017)
Journal Article
Orriss, I. R., Gueneri, D., Hajjawai, M. O., Shaw, K., Patel, J. J., & Arnett, T. R. (2017). Activation of the P2Y2 receptor regulates bone cell function by enhancing ATP release. Journal of Endocrinology, 233, 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0042

Bone cells constitutively release ATP into the extracellular environment where it acts locally via P2 receptors to regulate bone cell function. Whilst P2Y2 receptor stimulation regulates bone mineralisation, the functional effects of this receptor in... Read More about Activation of the P2Y2 receptor regulates bone cell function by enhancing ATP release.

Lack of effect of adenosine on the function of rodent osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro (2016)
Journal Article
Hajjawi, M. O. R., Patel, J. J., Corcelli, M., Arnett, T. R., & Orriss, I. R. (2016). Lack of effect of adenosine on the function of rodent osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. Purinergic Signalling, 12(2), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-016-9499-2

Extracellular ATP, signalling through P2 receptors, exerts well-documented effects on bone cells, inhibiting mineral deposition by osteoblasts and stimulating the formation and resorptive activity of osteoclasts. The aims of this study were to determ... Read More about Lack of effect of adenosine on the function of rodent osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro.

Chronic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improves trabecular bone mass and architecture in ovariectomised mice (2015)
Journal Article
Pereira, M., Jeyabalan, J., Jorgensen, C. S., Hopkinson, M., Al-Jazzar, A., Roux, J. P., …Chenu, C. (2015). Chronic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improves trabecular bone mass and architecture in ovariectomised mice. BONE, 81, 459-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.006

Some anti-diabetic therapies can have adverse effects on bone health and increase fracture risk. In this study, we tested the skeletal effects of chronic administration of two Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), increasingly used for... Read More about Chronic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improves trabecular bone mass and architecture in ovariectomised mice.

Acidosis Is a Key Regulator of Osteoblast Ecto-Nucleotidase Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) Expression and Activity (2015)
Journal Article
Orriss, I. R., Key, M. L., Hajjawi, M. O. R., Millan, J. L., & Arnett, T. R. (2015). Acidosis Is a Key Regulator of Osteoblast Ecto-Nucleotidase Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) Expression and Activity. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 230(12), 3049-3056. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25041

Previous work has shown that acidosis prevents bone nodule formation by osteoblasts in vitro by inhibiting mineralisation of the collagenous matrix. The ratio of phosphate (Pi) to pyrophosphate (PPi) in the bone microenvironment is a fundamental regu... Read More about Acidosis Is a Key Regulator of Osteoblast Ecto-Nucleotidase Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) Expression and Activity.

Mineralisation of collagen rich soft tissues and osteocyte lacunae in Enpp1-/- mice (2014)
Journal Article
Hajjawi, M. O. R., MacRae, V. E., Huesa, C., Boyde, A., Millan, J. L., Arnett, T. R., & Orriss, I. R. (2014). Mineralisation of collagen rich soft tissues and osteocyte lacunae in Enpp1-/- mice. BONE, 69, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.016

Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) hydrolyse nucleotide triphosphates to the corresponding nucleotide monophosphates and the mineralisation inhibitor, pyrophosphate (PPi). This study examined the role of NPP1 in osteocytes, ost... Read More about Mineralisation of collagen rich soft tissues and osteocyte lacunae in Enpp1-/- mice.

Extracellular ATP released by osteoblasts is a key local inhibitor of bone mineralisation
Journal Article
Orriss, I. R., Key, M. L., Hajjawi, M. O. R., & Arnett, T. R. (in press). Extracellular ATP released by osteoblasts is a key local inhibitor of bone mineralisation. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e69057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069057

Previous studies have shown that exogenous ATP (>1µM) prevents bone formation in vitro by blocking mineralisation of the collagenous matrix. This effect is thought to be mediated via both P2 receptor-dependent pathways and a receptor-independent mech... Read More about Extracellular ATP released by osteoblasts is a key local inhibitor of bone mineralisation.

Strontium potently inhibits mineralisation in bone-forming primary rat osteoblast cultures and reduces numbers of osteoclasts in mouse marrow cultures
Journal Article
Wornham, D. P., Hajjawi, M. O. R., Orriss, I. R., & Arnett, T. R. (in press). Strontium potently inhibits mineralisation in bone-forming primary rat osteoblast cultures and reduces numbers of osteoclasts in mouse marrow cultures. Osteoporosis International, 25(10), 2477-2484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2791-5

The basic mechanisms by which strontium ranelate acts on bone are still unclear. We show that an important action of strontium salts is to block calcification in cultures of osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells. These results suggest that strontium tr... Read More about Strontium potently inhibits mineralisation in bone-forming primary rat osteoblast cultures and reduces numbers of osteoclasts in mouse marrow cultures.

Optimisation of the differing conditions required for bone formation in vitro by primary osteoblasts from mice and rats
Journal Article
Orriss, I. R., Hajjawi, M. O. R., Huesa, C., MacRae, V. E., & Arnett, T. R. (in press). Optimisation of the differing conditions required for bone formation in vitro by primary osteoblasts from mice and rats. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34(5), 1201-1208. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1926

The in vitro culture of calvarial osteoblasts from neonatal rodents remains an important method for studying the regulation of bone formation. The widespread use of transgenic mice has created a particular need for a reliable, simple method that allo... Read More about Optimisation of the differing conditions required for bone formation in vitro by primary osteoblasts from mice and rats.