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Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic

Métras, R; Edmunds, J W; Youssouffi, C; Dommergues, L; Fournié, G; Camacho, A; Funk, S; Cardinale, E; Le Godais, G; Combo, S; Filleul, L; Youssouf, H; Subiros, M

Authors

R Métras

J W Edmunds

C Youssouffi

L Dommergues

G Fournié

A Camacho

S Funk

E Cardinale

G Le Godais

S Combo

L Filleul

H Youssouf

M Subiros



Abstract

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, zoonotic, arboviral hemorrhagic fever threatening livestock and humans mainly in Africa. RVF is of global concern, having expanded its geographical range over the last decades. The impact of control measures on epidemic dynamics using empirical data has not been assessed. Here, we fitted a mathematical model to seroprevalence livestock and human RVF case data from the 2018–2019 epidemic in Mayotte to estimate viral transmission among livestock, and spillover from livestock to humans through both direct contact and vector-mediated routes. Model simulations were used to assess the impact of vaccination on reducing the epidemic size. The rate of spillover by direct contact was about twice as high as vector transmission. Assuming 30% of the population were farmers, each transmission route contributed to 45% and 55% of the number of human infections, respectively. Reactive vaccination immunizing 20% of the livestock population reduced the number of human cases by 30%. Vaccinating 1 mo later required using 50% more vaccine doses for a similar reduction. Vaccinating only farmers required 10 times as more vaccine doses for a similar reduction in human cases. Finally, with 52.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] [42.9–59.4]) of livestock immune at the end of the epidemic wave, viral reemergence in the next rainy season (2019–2020) is unlikely. Coordinated human and animal health surveillance, and timely livestock vaccination appear to be key to controlling RVF in this setting. We furthermore demonstrate the value of a One Health quantitative approach to surveillance and control of zoonotic infectious diseases.

Citation

Métras, R., Edmunds, J. W., Youssouffi, C., Dommergues, L., Fournié, G., Camacho, A., …Subiros, M. (2020). Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 202004468

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Aug 12, 2020
Publication Date Sep 14, 2020
Deposit Date Sep 22, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Pages 202004468
Public URL https://rvc-repository.worktribe.com/output/1375768
Publisher URL https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004468117

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