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Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis (2015)
Journal Article
Akbareian, S. E., Pitsillides, A. A., Macharia, R. G., & McGonnell, I. M. (2015). Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis. Journal of Anatomy, 226(6), 560-574. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12304

Cranial foramina are holes within the skull, formed during development, allowing entry and exit of blood vessels and nerves. Once formed they must remain open, due to the vital structures they contain, i.e. optic nerves, jugular vein, carotid artery,... Read More about Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis.

Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation (2015)
Journal Article
Collins-Hooper, H., Sartori, R., Giallourou, N., Matsakas, A., Mitchell, R., Mararenkova, H., …Patel, K. (2015). Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation. PLoS ONE, 10(3), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120524

Animals are imbued with adaptive mechanisms spanning from the tissue/organ to the cellular scale which insure that processes of homeostasis are preserved in the landscape of size change. However we and others have postulated that the degree of adapta... Read More about Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation.

Propeptide-Mediated Inhibition of Myostatin Increases Muscle Mass Through Inhibiting Proteolytic Pathways in Aged Mice (2014)
Journal Article
Collins-Hooper, H., Sartori, R., Macharia, R., Visanuvimol, K., Foster, K., Matsakas, A., …Patel, K. (2014). Propeptide-Mediated Inhibition of Myostatin Increases Muscle Mass Through Inhibiting Proteolytic Pathways in Aged Mice. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt170

Mammalian aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle, a process called sarcopenia. Myostatin, a secreted member of the transforming growth factor-β family of signaling molecules, has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of muscle gr... Read More about Propeptide-Mediated Inhibition of Myostatin Increases Muscle Mass Through Inhibiting Proteolytic Pathways in Aged Mice.

Evidence that a maternal "junk food" diet during pregnancy and lactation can reduce muscle force in offspring
Journal Article
Bayol, S. A. M., Macharia, R. G., Farrington, S. J., Simbi, B. H., & Stickland, N. C. Evidence that a maternal "junk food" diet during pregnancy and lactation can reduce muscle force in offspring. European Journal of Nutrition, 48(1), 62-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-008-0760-5

Obesity is a multi-factorial condition generally attributed to an unbalanced diet and lack of exercise. Recent evidence suggests that maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation can also contribute to the development of obesity in offspring.... Read More about Evidence that a maternal "junk food" diet during pregnancy and lactation can reduce muscle force in offspring.

A hypoplastic model of skeletal muscle development displaying reduced foetal myoblast cell numbers, increased oxidative myofibres and improved specific tension capacity
Journal Article
Otto, A., Macharia, R. G., Matsakas, A., Valasek, P., Mankoo, B. S., & Patel, K. A hypoplastic model of skeletal muscle development displaying reduced foetal myoblast cell numbers, increased oxidative myofibres and improved specific tension capacity. Developmental Biology, 343(1-2), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.014

Neuromuscular stimulation causes muscle phenotype-dependent changes in the expression of the IGFs and their binding proteins in developing slow and fast muscle of chick embryos
Journal Article
McEntee, G. M., Simbi, B. H., Bayol, S. A. M., Macharia, R. G., & Stickland, N. C. Neuromuscular stimulation causes muscle phenotype-dependent changes in the expression of the IGFs and their binding proteins in developing slow and fast muscle of chick embryos. Developmental Dynamics, 235(7), 1777-1784. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.20803