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Extracellular Nucleotides Regulate Arterial Calcification by Activating Both Independent and Dependent Purinergic Receptor Signaling Pathways

Opdebeeck, B; Orriss, I; Neven, E; D’Haese, P C; Verhulst, A

Authors

B Opdebeeck

I Orriss

E Neven

P C D’Haese

A Verhulst



Abstract

Arterial calcification, the deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the extracellular matrix, resembles physiological bone mineralization. It is well-known that extracellular nucleotides regulate bone homeostasis raising an emerging interest in the role of these molecules on arterial calcification. The purinergic independent pathway involves the enzymes ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. These regulate the production and breakdown of the calcification inhibitor—pyrophosphate and the calcification stimulator—inorganic phosphate, from extracellular nucleotides. Maintaining ecto-nucleotidase activities in a well-defined range is indispensable as enzymatic hyper- and hypo-expression has been linked to arterial calcification. The purinergic signaling dependent pathway focusses on the activation of purinergic receptors (P1, P2X and P2Y) by extracellular nucleotides. These receptors influence arterial calcification by interfering with the key molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology, including the osteogenic switch and apoptosis of vascular cells and possibly, by favoring the phenotypic switch of vascular cells towards an adipogenic phenotype, a recent, novel hypothesis explaining the systemic prevention of arterial calcification. Selective compounds influencing the activity of ecto-nucleotidases and purinergic receptors, have recently been developed to treat arterial calcification. However, adverse side-effects on bone mineralization are possible as these compounds reasonably could interfere with physiological bone mineralization.

Citation

Opdebeeck, B., Orriss, I., Neven, E., D’Haese, P. C., & Verhulst, A. (2020). Extracellular Nucleotides Regulate Arterial Calcification by Activating Both Independent and Dependent Purinergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), e7636

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Oct 12, 2020
Publication Date Oct 15, 2020
Deposit Date Oct 19, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Print ISSN 1661-6596
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 21
Issue 20
Pages e7636
Keywords arterial calcification, purinergic signaling, pyrophosphate, ecto-nucleotidases, extracellular nucleotides
Public URL https://rvc-repository.worktribe.com/output/1375215

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