Monkeypox — Enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era

Petersen, E; Abubakar, I; Ihekweazu, C; Heymann, D; Ntoumi, F; Blumberg, L; Asogun, D; Mukonka, V; Lule, S A; Bates, M; Honeyborne, I; Mfinanga, S; Mwaba, P; Dar, O; Vairo, F; Mukhtar, M; Kock, R A; McHugh, T D; Ippolito, G; Zumla, A

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.008

Monkeypox — Enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era

Petersen, E; Abubakar, I; Ihekweazu, C; Heymann, D; Ntoumi, F; Blumberg, L; Asogun, D; Mukonka, V; Lule, S A; Bates, M; Honeyborne, I; Mfinanga, S; Mwaba, P; Dar, O; Vairo, F; Mukhtar, M; Kock, R A; McHugh, T D; Ippolito, G; Zumla, A

Authors

E Petersen

I Abubakar

C Ihekweazu

D Heymann

F Ntoumi

L Blumberg

D Asogun

V Mukonka

S A Lule

M Bates

I Honeyborne

S Mfinanga

P Mwaba

O Dar

F Vairo

M Mukhtar

R A Kock

T D McHugh

G Ippolito

A Zumla

Abstract

The identification of monkeypox in 3 separate patients in the United Kingdom in September raised media and political attention on an emerging public health threat. Nigeria, whose last confirmed case of monkeypox was in 1978, is currently experiencing an unusually large and outbreak of human monkeypox cases, a ‘One Human-Environmental-Animal Health’ approach is being effectively used to define and tackle the outbreak. As of 13th October 2018, there have been one hundred and sixteen confirmed cases the majority of whom are under 40 years. Over the past 20 years ten Central and West African countries have reported monkeypox cases which have risen exponentially. We review the history and evolution of monkeypox outbreaks in Africa and USA, the changing clinical presentations, and discuss possible factors underlying the increasing numbers being detected including the cessation of smallpox vaccination programs. Major knowledge gaps remain on the epidemiology, host reservoir, and emergence, transmission, pathogenesis and prevention of monkeypoz.

Citation

Petersen, E., Abubakar, I., Ihekweazu, C., Heymann, D., Ntoumi, F., Blumberg, L., …Zumla, A. (2019). Monkeypox — Enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 78, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.008

Journal Article Type	Editorial
Acceptance Date	Nov 16, 2018
Publication Date	Jan 1, 2019
Deposit Date	Nov 28, 2018
Publicly Available Date	Nov 28, 2018
Journal	International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Print ISSN	1201-9712
Publisher	Elsevier
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	78
Pages	78-84
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.008
Public URL	https://rvc-repository.worktribe.com/output/1384424