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Exogenous interleukin-1 beta stimulation regulates equine tenocyte function and gene expression in three-dimensional culture which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of interleukin 1 receptor, but not nuclear factor kappa B, signaling (2023)
Journal Article
Beaumont, R. E., Smith, E. J., Zhou, L., Marr, N., Thorpe, C. T., & Guest, D. J. (in press). Exogenous interleukin-1 beta stimulation regulates equine tenocyte function and gene expression in three-dimensional culture which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of interleukin 1 receptor, but not nuclear factor kappa B, signaling. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04779-z

The Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons Houses Heterogenous Cell Populations Disproportionately Affected by Aging (2023)
Journal Article
Zamboulis, D., Marr, N., Lenzi, L., Birch, H., Screen, H., Clegg, P., & Thorpe, C. (2023). The Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons Houses Heterogenous Cell Populations Disproportionately Affected by Aging. Aging and Disease, https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2023.0425-1

Energy storing tendons such as the human Achilles and equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) are prone to injury, with incidence increasing with aging, peaking in the 5th decade of life in the human Achilles tendon. The interfascicular matri... Read More about The Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons Houses Heterogenous Cell Populations Disproportionately Affected by Aging.

CD146 Delineates an Interfascicular Cell Sub-Population in Tendon That Is Recruited during Injury through Its Ligand Laminin-α4 (2021)
Journal Article
Marr, N., Meeson, R., Kelly, E., Fang, Y., Peffers, M., Pitsillides, A., …Thorpe, C. (2021). CD146 Delineates an Interfascicular Cell Sub-Population in Tendon That Is Recruited during Injury through Its Ligand Laminin-α4. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189729

The interfascicular matrix (IFM) binds tendon fascicles and contains a population of morphologically distinct cells; however the role of IFM-localised cell populations in tendon repair remains to be determined. The basement membrane protein laminin-α... Read More about CD146 Delineates an Interfascicular Cell Sub-Population in Tendon That Is Recruited during Injury through Its Ligand Laminin-α4.

Postnatal mechanical loading drives adaptation of tissues primarily through modulation of the non-collagenous matrix (2020)
Journal Article
Zamboulis, D. E., Thorpe, C. T., Ashraf Kharaz, Y., Birch, H. L., Screen, H. R. C., & Clegg, P. D. (2020). Postnatal mechanical loading drives adaptation of tissues primarily through modulation of the non-collagenous matrix. eLife, 9,

Mature connective tissues demonstrate highly specialised properties, remarkably adapted to meet their functional requirements. Tissue adaptation to environmental cues can occur throughout life and poor adaptation commonly results in injury. However,... Read More about Postnatal mechanical loading drives adaptation of tissues primarily through modulation of the non-collagenous matrix.

Bimodal Whole-Mount Imaging of Tendon Using Confocal Microscopy and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography (2020)
Journal Article
Marr, N., Hopkinson, M., Hibbert, A., Pitsillides, A., & Thorpe, C. (2020). Bimodal Whole-Mount Imaging of Tendon Using Confocal Microscopy and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography. Biological Procedures Online, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12575-020-00126-4

BACKGROUND:3-dimensional imaging modalities for optically dense connective tissues such as tendons are limited and typically have a single imaging methodological endpoint. Here, we have developed a bimodal procedure utilising fluorescence-based confo... Read More about Bimodal Whole-Mount Imaging of Tendon Using Confocal Microscopy and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography.

Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon (2020)
Journal Article
Choi, H., Simpson, D., Wang, D., Prescott, M., Pitsillides, A. A., Dudhia, J., …Thorpe, C. T. (2020). Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon. eLife, 9, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55262

Maintenance of connective tissue integrity is fundamental to sustain function, requiring protein turnover to repair damaged tissue. However, connective tissue proteome dynamics remain largely undefined, as do differences in turnover rates of individu... Read More about Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon.

Structure and collagen crimp patterns of functionally distinct equine tendons, revealed by quantitative polarised light microscopy (qPLM) (2018)
Journal Article
Spiesz, E. M., Thorpe, C. T., Thurner, P. J., & Screen, H. R. C. (2018). Structure and collagen crimp patterns of functionally distinct equine tendons, revealed by quantitative polarised light microscopy (qPLM). Acta Biomaterialia, 70, 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.034

Structure-function relationships in tendons are directly influenced by the arrangement of collagen fibres. However, the details of such arrangements in functionally distinct tendons remain obscure. This study demonstrates the use of quantitative pola... Read More about Structure and collagen crimp patterns of functionally distinct equine tendons, revealed by quantitative polarised light microscopy (qPLM).

Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing (2017)
Journal Article
Godinho, M. S., Thorpe, C. T., Greenwald, S. E., & Screen, H. R. (2017). Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09995-4

Tendon is composed of fascicles bound together by the interfascicular matrix (IFM). Energy storing tendons are more elastic and extensible than positional tendons; behaviour provided by specialisation of the IFM to enable repeated interfascicular sli... Read More about Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing.

The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles (2017)
Journal Article
Shearer, T., Thorpe, C. T., & Screen, H. R. C. (2017). The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0261

A nonlinear elastic microstructural model is used to investigate the relationship between structure and function in energy-storing and positional tendons. The model is used to fit mechanical tension test data from the equine common digital extensor t... Read More about The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles.

Distribution of proteins within different compartments of tendon varies according to tendon type (2016)
Journal Article
Thorpe, C. T., Karunaseelan, K. J., Ng Chieng Hin, J., Riley, G. P., Birch, H. L., Clegg, P. D., & Screen, H. R. (2016). Distribution of proteins within different compartments of tendon varies according to tendon type. Journal of Anatomy, 229(3), 450-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12485

Although the predominant function of all tendons is to transfer force from muscle to bone and position the limbs, some tendons additionally function as energy stores, reducing the energetic cost of locomotion. To maximise energy storage and return, e... Read More about Distribution of proteins within different compartments of tendon varies according to tendon type.

Anatomical heterogeneity of tendon: Fascicular and interfascicular tendon compartments have distinct proteomic composition (2016)
Journal Article
Thorpe, C. T., Peffers, M. J., Simpson, D., Hallwell, E., Screen, H. R., & Clegg, P. D. (2016). Anatomical heterogeneity of tendon: Fascicular and interfascicular tendon compartments have distinct proteomic composition. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20455

Tendon is a simple aligned fibre composite, consisting of collagen-rich fascicles surrounded by a softer interfascicular matrix (IFM). The composition and interactions between these material phases are fundamental in ensuring tissue mechanics meet fu... Read More about Anatomical heterogeneity of tendon: Fascicular and interfascicular tendon compartments have distinct proteomic composition.

Fascicles and the interfascicular matrix show adaptation for fatigue resistance in energy storing tendons (2016)
Journal Article
Thorpe, C. T., Riley, G. P., Birch, H. L., Clegg, P. D., & Screen, H. R. C. (2016). Fascicles and the interfascicular matrix show adaptation for fatigue resistance in energy storing tendons. Acta Biomaterialia, 42, 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.012

Tendon is composed of rope-like fascicles, bound together by interfascicular matrix (IFM). Our previous work shows that the IFM is critical for tendon function, facilitating sliding between fascicles to allow tendons to stretch. This function is part... Read More about Fascicles and the interfascicular matrix show adaptation for fatigue resistance in energy storing tendons.

The interfascicular matrix enables fascicle sliding and recovery in tendon, and behaves more elastically in energy storing tendons (2015)
Journal Article
Thorpe, C. T., Godinho, M. S. C., Riley, G. P., Birch, H. L., Clegg, P. D., & Screen, H. R. C. (2015). The interfascicular matrix enables fascicle sliding and recovery in tendon, and behaves more elastically in energy storing tendons. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 52, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.009

Tendon overload results in alterations in cell shape and increased markers of inflammation and matrix degradation (2015)
Journal Article
Thorpe, C. T., Chaudhry, S., Lei, I., Varone, A., Riley, G. P., Birch, H. L., …Screen, H. R. (2015). Tendon overload results in alterations in cell shape and increased markers of inflammation and matrix degradation. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12333

Tendon injury is thought to involve both damage accumulation within the matrix and an accompanying cell response. While several studies have characterized cell and matrix response in chronically injured tendons, few have assessed the initial response... Read More about Tendon overload results in alterations in cell shape and increased markers of inflammation and matrix degradation.