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Emergency and critical care services in Somalia: a cross-sectional nationwide hospital assessment using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit assessment tool (2025)
Journal Article
Njiru, H., Relan, P., Malik, S., Abdullah, A., Shube, M., Abubakar, A., Nur, I., Osman, A., Sonethal, P., Rouhani, S., Olayo, B., Ohno, N., Sindani, I., Osman, A., Hossain, M., James, N., Alabesat, M., & Derow, M. (2025). Emergency and critical care services in Somalia: a cross-sectional nationwide hospital assessment using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit assessment tool. BMC Emergency Medicine, 25(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01234-8

BackgroundData on emergency and critical care services in Somalia and other countries with fragile and conflict-affected (FCA) situations are limited, although the burden of emergency health conditions remain high. Improving emergency care services c... Read More about Emergency and critical care services in Somalia: a cross-sectional nationwide hospital assessment using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit assessment tool.

Laboratory capacity-building during COVID-19 in Somalia: improving access to essential diagnostics for national health security in a fragile setting (2025)
Journal Article
Figuereo, S., Mohamed, S., Takele, D., Sheikh, A., Abera, S., Mohamed, A., Lubogo, M., Abukar, H., Karanja, M., Bangura, S., Fayad, A., Adam, A., Osman, A., & Malik, S. (2025). Laboratory capacity-building during COVID-19 in Somalia: improving access to essential diagnostics for national health security in a fragile setting. Journal of epidemiology and global health, 15(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-025-00350-9

IntroductionEven before the COVID-19 pandemic, Somalia's national laboratory services had insufficient diagnostic capacities. We describe how the country moved rapidly from no testing capability to molecular testing and genomic sequencing for severe... Read More about Laboratory capacity-building during COVID-19 in Somalia: improving access to essential diagnostics for national health security in a fragile setting.

IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshop for Somalia: An interactive and participatory approach for operationalizing the One Health roadmap (2024)
Journal Article
Osman, A., Saidouni, A., Wambua, L., Mahrous, H., Malik, S., Lubogo, M., van de Weerdt, R., Adam, A., Mohamed, H., Al Makhzoumi, K., Ali, G., Nur, M., Fevre, S., Mucheru, G., Njue, S., Mosindo, A., Sandhaus, K., Wigand, R., Standley, C., Sorrell, E., …Mor, S. (2024). IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshop for Somalia: An interactive and participatory approach for operationalizing the One Health roadmap. One Health, 19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100858

Background: National Bridging Workshops (NBW) are a tool for reviewing collaboration gaps between line ministries relevant to the One Health framework. Methods: The NBW for Somalia was held on November 11-13, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya with support from... Read More about IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshop for Somalia: An interactive and participatory approach for operationalizing the One Health roadmap.

Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review (2023)
Journal Article
Nordin, A., Husna, S., Ahmad, Z., Nordin, M., Ilyas, R., Azemi, A., Ismail, N., Siti, N., Ngadi, N., Azami, M., Norpi, A., Reduan, M., Osman, A., Pratama, D., Nabgan, W., & Shaari, R. (2023). Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review. Gels, 9(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030227

A key element in ensuring successful immunization is the efficient delivery of vaccines. However, poor immunogenicity and adverse inflammatory immunogenic reactions make the establishment of an efficient vaccine delivery method a challenging task. Th... Read More about Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review.

Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii: An Immunoinformatics Approach (2022)
Journal Article
Hammed-Akanmu, M., Mim, M., Osman, A., Sheikh, A., Behmard, E., Rabaan, A., Suppain, R., & Hajissa, K. (2022). Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii: An Immunoinformatics Approach. Vaccines, 10(9), https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091389

Infection with the intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes serious clinical outcomes in both human and veterinary settings worldwide. Although approximately onethird of the world's population is infected with T. gondii, an effect... Read More about Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii: An Immunoinformatics Approach.

High Prevalence and New Genotype of Coxiella burnetii in Ticks Infesting Camels in Somalia (2021)
Journal Article
Frangoulidis, D., Kahlhofer, C., Said, A., Osman, A., Chitimia-Dobler, L., & Shuaib, Y. (2021). High Prevalence and New Genotype of Coxiella burnetii in Ticks Infesting Camels in Somalia. Pathogens, 10(6), https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060741

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. It can infect animals, humans, and birds, as well as ticks, and it has a worldwide geographical distribution. To better understand the epidemiology of C. burnetii in Somalia, ticks infesting camels... Read More about High Prevalence and New Genotype of Coxiella burnetii in Ticks Infesting Camels in Somalia.

Detection and characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan (2021)
Journal Article
Elbadawi, H., Elhag, K., Mahgoub, E., Altayb, H., Ntoumi, F., Elton, L., McHugh, T., Tembo, J., Ippolito, G., Osman, A., Zumla, A., & Hamid, M. (2021). Detection and characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan. BMC Microbiology, 21(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02133-1

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a complex threat to global health security and universal health coverage. Recently, nosocomial infections with carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is increasing worldwide. We report the... Read More about Detection and characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan.

Epidemics, Lockdown Measures and Vulnerable Populations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Evidence of Impacts on Mother and Child Health in Low-and Lower-Middle-Income Countries (2021)
Journal Article
Russo, G., Jesus, T. S., Deane, K., Osman, A. Y., & McCoy, D. (2021). Epidemics, Lockdown Measures and Vulnerable Populations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Evidence of Impacts on Mother and Child Health in Low-and Lower-Middle-Income Countries. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.155

Background
The aim of this research was to synthetise the existing evidence on the impact of epidemic-related lockdown measures on women and children’s health in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs).

Methods
A mixed-methods systemat... Read More about Epidemics, Lockdown Measures and Vulnerable Populations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Evidence of Impacts on Mother and Child Health in Low-and Lower-Middle-Income Countries.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study (2021)
Journal Article
Osman, A. Y., Elmi, S. A., Simons, D., Elton, L., Haider, N., Khan, M. A., Othman, I., Zumla, A., McCoy, D., & Kock, R. (in press). Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pathogens, 10(9), 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091160

The burden of antimicrobial use in agricultural settings is one of the greatest challenges
facing global health and food security in the modern era. Malaysian poultry operations are a relevant
but understudied component of epidemiology of antimicro... Read More about Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with Salmonella spp. Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study (2021)
Journal Article
Elmi, S. A., Simons, D., Elton, L., Haider, N., Abdel Hamid, M. M., Shuaib, Y. A., Khan, M. A., Othman, I., Kock, R., & Osman, A. Y. (2021). Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study. Antibiotics, 10(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020117

Tick Fauna and Associated Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia spp. in Domestic Animals in Sudan (North Kordofan and Kassala States) (2020)
Journal Article
Springer, A., Shuaib, Y. A., Isaa, M. H., Ezz-Eldin, M. I.-E., Osman, A. Y., Yagoub, I. A., Abdalla, M. A., Bakiet, A. O., Mohmed-Noor, S. E.-T., Schaper, S., Rieß, R., Dobler, G., Strube, C., Bakkes, D. K., & Chitimia-Dobler, L. (in press). Tick Fauna and Associated Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia spp. in Domestic Animals in Sudan (North Kordofan and Kassala States). Microorganisms, 8(12), 1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121969

COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease? (2020)
Journal Article
Haider, N., Rothman-Ostrow, P., Osman, A. Y., Arruda, L. B., Macfarlane-Berry, L., Elton, L., Thomason, M. J., Yeboah-Manu, D., Ansumana, R., Kapata, N., Mboera, L., Rushton, J., McHugh, T. D., Heymann, D. L., Zumla, A., & Kock, R. A. (in press). COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.596944

The World Health Organization defines a zoonosis as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been classified as a zoonotic disease, however, no an... Read More about COVID-19—Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease?.

Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries (2020)
Journal Article
Haider, N., Osman, A. Y., Gadzekpo, A., Akipede, G. O., Asogun, D., Ansumana, R., Lessells, R. J., Khan, P., Hamid, M. M. A., Yeboah-Manu, D., Mboera, L., Shayo, E. H., Mmbaga, B. T., Urassa, M., Musoke, D., Kapata, N., Ferrand, R. A., Kapata, P. C., Stigler, F., Czypionka, T., …McCoy, D. (2020). Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries. BMJ Global Health, 5(10), e003319

Lockdown measures have been introduced worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19. However, the term ‘lockdown’ is not well-defined. Indeed, WHO’s reference to ‘so-called lockdown measures’ indicates the absence of a clear and universally acce... Read More about Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries.

The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome (2020)
Journal Article
Haider, N., Yavlinsky, A., Chang, Y. M., Hasan, M. N., Benfield, C., Osman, A. Y., Uddin, M. J., Dar, O., Ntoumi, F., Zumla, A., & Kock, R. (2020). The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome. Epidemiology and Infection, 148,

Global Health Security Index (GHSI) and Joint External Evaluation (JEE) are two well-known health security and related capability indices. We hypothesised that countries with higher GHSI or JEE scores would have detected their first COVID-19 case ear... Read More about The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome.

Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America (2020)
Journal Article
Haider, N., Yavlinsky, A., Simons, D., Osman, A. Y., Ntoumi, F., Zumla, A., & Kock, R. A. (2020). Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America. Epidemiology and Infection, 148, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820000424

Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV [SARS-COV-2]) was detected in humans during the last week of December 2019 at Wuhan city in China, and caused 24 554 cases in 27 countries and territories as of 5 February 2020. The objective of this study was to estimate... Read More about Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America.