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The role of embryo movement in the development of the furcula (2017)
Journal Article
Pollard, A. S., Boyd, S., McGonnell, I. M., & Pitsillides, A. A. (2017). The role of embryo movement in the development of the furcula. Journal of Anatomy, 230(3), 435-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12571

The pectoral girdle is a complex structure which varies in its morphology between species. A major component in birds is the furcula, which can be considered equivalent to a fusion of the paired clavicles found in many mammals, and the single intercl... Read More about The role of embryo movement in the development of the furcula.

Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement (2017)
Journal Article
Pollard, A. S., Charlton, B. G., Hutchinson, J. R., Gustafsson, T., McGonnell, I. M., Timmons, J. A., & Pitsillides, A. A. (2017). Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41926

Animals have evolved limb proportions adapted to different environments, but it is not yet clear to what extent these proportions are directly influenced by the environment during prenatal development. The developing skeleton experiences mechanical l... Read More about Limb proportions show developmental plasticity in response to embryo movement.

Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis (2015)
Journal Article
Akbareian, S. E., Pitsillides, A. A., Macharia, R. G., & McGonnell, I. M. (2015). Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis. Journal of Anatomy, 226(6), 560-574. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12304

Cranial foramina are holes within the skull, formed during development, allowing entry and exit of blood vessels and nerves. Once formed they must remain open, due to the vital structures they contain, i.e. optic nerves, jugular vein, carotid artery,... Read More about Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis.

MECHANOSENSITIVITY OF EMBRYONIC LIMBS: MECHANO-SENSITIVE AND INSENSITIVE PERIODS OF GROWTH, DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY BETWEEN LIMB ELEMENTS, AND THE UNDERPINNING MECHANISMS
Journal Article
Pollard, A. S., McGonnell, I. M., Chenu, C., Farquharson, C., & Pitsillides, A. A. MECHANOSENSITIVITY OF EMBRYONIC LIMBS: MECHANO-SENSITIVE AND INSENSITIVE PERIODS OF GROWTH, DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY BETWEEN LIMB ELEMENTS, AND THE UNDERPINNING MECHANISMS. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 96(2), A25-A25